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The Mohawk Valley Railroad was chartered on January 21, 1851, and reorganized on December 28, 1852, to build a railroad on the south side of the Mohawk River from Schenectady to Utica, next to the Erie Canal and reverse the Utica and Schenectady. Albany industrialist and Mohawk Valley Railroad owner Erastus Corning managed to unite the above railroads together into one system, and on March 17, 1853, executives and stockholders of every firm agreed to merge. Most of its major routes, including New York to Chicago, followed rivers and had no vital grades other than West Albany Hill and the Berkshire Hills on the Boston and Albany. The merger was accredited by the state legislature on April 2 and, on Might 17, 1853, the new York Central Railroad was formed. Baer, Christopher T. (April 2015). "A General CHRONOLOGY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD Company ITS PREDECESSORS AND SUCCESSORS AND ITS Historic CONTEXT: 1979" (PDF).

The Junction Railroad's Buffalo Belt Line opened in 1871, offering a bypass of Buffalo to the northeast as well as a loop route for passenger trains via downtown. PATH management has two principal passenger outreach initiatives: the "PATHways" newsletter, distributed totally free at terminals, as properly because the Patron Advisory Committee. In 2010, PATH launched a $four two-journey card using the standard MetroCard form. The PANYNJ has sought to switch its regulator to the Federal Transit Administration, which oversees fast transit, but the FRA has insisted that security concerns require PATH to remain below its purview. New York State Authorities created a task force, Repair NYC, to find solutions for fixing mass transit and reducing congestion. In 1855, it was merged into the NYC, providing a branch from Rochester north to Charlotte on Lake Ontario. The Rochester and Lake Ontario Railroad was organized in 1852 and opened in fall 1853; it was leased to the Rochester, Lockport and Niagara Falls Railroad, which grew to become part of the NYC, before opening. On September 9, 1876, the company was merged into the NYC, but in 1876 the terminal at Athens burned down and the road was abandoned. This activated when the doorways opened and shut down whereas the last door of a car was closed, provided that the motorman's electric brake plug was engaged.

The West Shore Railroad, acquired in 1885, supplied a bypass round Rochester. The cars, which contained roomettes, double bedrooms and drawing rooms, offered through sleeper service between New York City and Los Angeles or San Francisco (Oakland Pier). Cornelius Vanderbilt obtained management of the Hudson River Railroad in 1864, quickly after he purchased the parallel New York and Harlem Railroad. The Saratoga and Hudson River Railroad was chartered in 1864 and opened in 1866 as a department of the NYC from Athens Junction, southeast of Schenectady, southeast and south dc to ny Athens on the west aspect of the Hudson River. The Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad was chartered in 1869 and opened in 1871, offering a route on the north aspect of the Harlem River for trains along the Hudson River to head southeast to the new York and Harlem Railroad. Trains may head towards Grand Central Depot, built by NYC and opened in 1871, or to the freight amenities at Port Morris. The Schenectady Detour consisted of two connections to the West Shore Railroad, permitting via trains to bypass downtown Schenectady.

Alongside the road of the Hudson River Railroad, the West Aspect Line was in-built 1934 in the borough of Manhattan as an elevated bypass of then-abandoned street operating trackage on Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. The complete project opened in 1902. The Cleveland Short Line Railway built a bypass of Cleveland, Ohio, completed in 1912. In 1924, the Alfred H. Smith Memorial Bridge was constructed as part of the Hudson River Connecting Railroad's Castleton Cut-Off, a 27.5-mile-lengthy freight bypass of the congested West Albany terminal space and West Albany Hill. The Troy and Greenbush Railroad was chartered in 1845 and opened later that 12 months, connecting Troy south to Greenbush (now Rensselaer) on the east facet of the Hudson River. A continuation west to North Tonawanda opened later that yr and, in 1854, a section opened in Niagara Falls connecting it to the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge. The elevated section has since been abandoned, and the tunnel north of 35th Street is used only by Amtrak trains to New York Penn Station (all different trains use the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad to achieve the Harlem Line).